Penalties Intermediate Law 12

Penalty vs No Penalty: Shoulder-to-Shoulder Contact

A penalty is awarded when a direct-free-kick offense is committed inside the penalty area.

Narek Smbatyan
More Academy
Key Takeaway
Box doesn’t change the foul—only the restart.

Overview

Penalty decisions are just fouls (Law 12) with a bigger restart: location and severity are everything.

How referees judge it

Judge contact and whether it meets careless/reckless/excessive criteria. Then confirm location (line counts inside).

VAR angle

VAR checks (1) foul/no foul, and (2) inside/outside. For subjective calls, VAR needs clear evidence to change the on-field decision.

Common debate points

Most debates hinge on ‘enough contact’ and who initiates it.

VAR Guidance

VAR checks (1) foul/no foul, and (2) inside/outside. For subjective calls, VAR needs clear evidence to change the on-field decision.

Decision Checklist

  1. Is there contact? Identify the point of contact.
  2. Is it a foul under Law 12 (careless/reckless/excessive)?
  3. Where did the contact occur (inside/outside; line counts inside)?
  4. Did the attacker initiate/seek contact?
  5. Is evidence clear enough for VAR intervention?

Common Misconceptions

Myth
Any contact in the box is a penalty.
Reality
Contact must be a foul and sufficiently careless/reckless.
Myth
Touching the ball first cancels a foul.
Reality
Follow-through can still be careless or reckless.
Myth
If the player goes down, it’s a foul.
Reality
Falling isn’t proof of a foul.
Myth
VAR always overturns soft penalties.
Reality
Only if clearly wrong.
Myth
Penalty rules are different from fouls.
Reality
It’s the same foul, different restart.

Sources

  • IFAB Laws — Law 12 Fouls
  • IFAB Laws — Law 14 Penalty Kick
  • VAR Protocol — penalty reviews