VAR Academy

Evergreen explainers on VAR, Laws of the Game, and refereeing decisions.
Disciplinary Beginner Law 14

Handball and Arm Position Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 301

Handball and Arm Position Explained is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact is an offence. Under IFAB Law 12,.

• 2 min read
Game Management Beginner Law 5

Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football – Referee Academy Lesson 302

Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether a touch is a rebound, a.

• 2 min read
Disciplinary Intermediate Law 13

VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 303

VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not re-referee every incident. Instead, it.

• 2 min read
Disciplinary Beginner Law 14

DOGSO and Red Card Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 304

DOGSO and Red Card Decisions sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football contact from misconduct that requires a caution or.

• 2 min read
Disciplinary Intermediate Law 14

Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties – Referee Academy Lesson 305

Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and player positions all matter at the exact.

• 2 min read
Offside Beginner Law 13

Offside After Deflections and Saves – Referee Academy Lesson 306

Offside After Deflections and Saves is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether a touch is a rebound, a save, or a.

• 2 min read
Handball Beginner VAR Protocol

Supporting Arm Handball Situations – Referee Academy Lesson 307

Supporting Arm Handball Situations is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact is an offence. Under IFAB Law 12,.

• 2 min read
VAR Intermediate Law 12

Referee Positioning During Counterattacks – Referee Academy Lesson 308

Referee Positioning During Counterattacks is about decision-making before the whistle as much as after it. Good refereeing mechanics improve angle,.

• 2 min read
Penalties Beginner VAR Protocol

Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges – Referee Academy Lesson 309

Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football contact from misconduct that requires.

• 2 min read
Referee Mechanics Advanced Law 13

Penalty Encroachment Rules – Referee Academy Lesson 310

Penalty Encroachment Rules is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and player positions all matter at the exact.

• 2 min read