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In-depth lessons and guides to improve your understanding of VAR, Laws of the Game and refereeing.

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LessonLevelCategoryRead TimeDate
Delaying the Restart of Play Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 313Delaying the Restart of Play Explained is a useful lesson because many controversial decisions come from restarts and… Advanced Referee Mechanics 2 min read
Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football – Referee Academy Lesson 317Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on… Advanced Disciplinary 2 min read
DOGSO and Red Card Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 319DOGSO and Red Card Decisions sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football… Advanced Game Management 2 min read
Penalty Encroachment Rules – Referee Academy Lesson 310Penalty Encroachment Rules is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and player… Advanced Referee Mechanics 2 min read
Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions – Referee Academy Lesson 311Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions matters because goalkeepers have special protections and special restrictions under the Laws of… Advanced Game Management 2 min read
VAR Communication Between Referee and Booth – Referee Academy Lesson 282VAR Communication Between Referee and Booth is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Advanced Offside 2 min read
Delaying the Restart of Play Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 283Delaying the Restart of Play Explained is a useful lesson because many controversial decisions come from restarts and… Advanced Game Management 2 min read
Contact in the Penalty Area Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 284Contact in the Penalty Area Decisions is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing,… Advanced VAR 2 min read
DOGSO and Red Card Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 289DOGSO and Red Card Decisions sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football… Advanced Disciplinary 2 min read
Referee Positioning During Counterattacks – Referee Academy Lesson 293Referee Positioning During Counterattacks is about decision-making before the whistle as much as after it. Good refereeing mechanics… Advanced VAR 2 min read
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