VAR Academy

Evergreen explainers on VAR, Laws of the Game, and refereeing decisions.
Disciplinary Intermediate Law 12

Handball and Arm Position Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 61

Handball and Arm Position Explained is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact is an offence. Under IFAB Law 12,.

• 2 min read
Disciplinary Advanced Law 5

Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football – Referee Academy Lesson 62

Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether a touch is a rebound, a.

• 2 min read
VAR Intermediate Law 14

VAR Communication Between Referee and Booth – Referee Academy Lesson 72

VAR Communication Between Referee and Booth is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not re-referee every incident. Instead, it.

• 2 min read
Offside Intermediate VAR Protocol

Delaying the Restart of Play Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 73

Delaying the Restart of Play Explained is a useful lesson because many controversial decisions come from restarts and match management rather than.

• 2 min read
Offside Beginner Law 13

Contact in the Penalty Area Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 74

Contact in the Penalty Area Decisions is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and player positions all matter at the.

• 2 min read
Disciplinary Advanced Law 14

Semi‑Automated Offside Technology – Referee Academy Lesson 75

Semi‑Automated Offside Technology is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether a touch is a rebound, a save, or a.

• 2 min read
Offside Beginner Law 12

Handball and Arm Position Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 76

Handball and Arm Position Explained is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact is an offence. Under IFAB Law 12,.

• 2 min read
Handball Beginner VAR Protocol

Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football – Referee Academy Lesson 77

Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether a touch is a rebound, a.

• 2 min read
VAR Advanced Law 13

VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 78

VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not re-referee every incident. Instead, it.

• 2 min read
VAR Advanced Law 14

DOGSO and Red Card Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 79

DOGSO and Red Card Decisions sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football contact from misconduct that requires a caution or.

• 2 min read