VAR Academy

Evergreen explainers on VAR, Laws of the Game, and refereeing decisions.
Cards Intermediate Law 12

Reckless Tackles: The Yellow Card Threshold

Cautions punish reckless play, SPA, dissent, and delaying restarts; direct reds punish SFP/violent conduct/DOGSO (as applicable).

• 1 min read
Cards Advanced Law 12

Excessive Force: Red Card Indicators

Cautions punish reckless play, SPA, dissent, and delaying restarts; direct reds punish SFP/violent conduct/DOGSO (as applicable).

• 1 min read
Cards Beginner VAR Protocol

Second Yellow Cards: Why VAR Can’t Intervene

Cautions punish reckless play, SPA, dissent, and delaying restarts; direct reds punish SFP/violent conduct/DOGSO (as applicable).

• 1 min read
Cards Beginner Law 12

Dissent: When Referees Can Caution

Cautions punish reckless play, SPA, dissent, and delaying restarts; direct reds punish SFP/violent conduct/DOGSO (as applicable).

• 1 min read
Cards Beginner Law 12

SPA vs DOGSO: Promising Attack vs Obvious Chance

Cautions punish reckless play, SPA, dissent, and delaying restarts; direct reds punish SFP/violent conduct/DOGSO (as applicable).

• 1 min read
Cards Intermediate Law 12

Serious Foul Play vs Violent Conduct

Cautions punish reckless play, SPA, dissent, and delaying restarts; direct reds punish SFP/violent conduct/DOGSO (as applicable).

• 1 min read
Cards Intermediate Law 12

DOGSO Explained: Obvious Goal-Scoring Opportunity

Cautions punish reckless play, SPA, dissent, and delaying restarts; direct reds punish SFP/violent conduct/DOGSO (as applicable).

• 1 min read
Penalties Intermediate Law 12

Penalty vs No Penalty: Shoulder-to-Shoulder Contact

A penalty is awarded when a direct-free-kick offense is committed inside the penalty area.

• 1 min read
Penalties Intermediate Law 12

Penalty Incidents: Late Contact After a Shot

A penalty is awarded when a direct-free-kick offense is committed inside the penalty area.

• 1 min read
Penalties Advanced VAR Protocol

Soft Contact: When VAR Won’t Overturn a Penalty

A penalty is awarded when a direct-free-kick offense is committed inside the penalty area.

• 1 min read