VAR Academy

Evergreen explainers on VAR, Laws of the Game, and refereeing decisions.
Offside Advanced Law 14

Handball and Arm Position Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 241

Handball and Arm Position Explained is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact is an offence. Under IFAB Law 12,.

• 2 min read
Offside Advanced VAR Protocol

Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football – Referee Academy Lesson 242

Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether a touch is a rebound, a.

• 2 min read
Game Management Advanced Law 14

DOGSO and Red Card Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 244

DOGSO and Red Card Decisions sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football contact from misconduct that requires a caution or.

• 2 min read
Offside Advanced Law 11

Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties – Referee Academy Lesson 245

Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and player positions all matter at the exact.

• 2 min read
Referee Mechanics Intermediate VAR Protocol

Offside After Deflections and Saves – Referee Academy Lesson 246

Offside After Deflections and Saves is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether a touch is a rebound, a save, or a.

• 2 min read
VAR Intermediate VAR Protocol

Supporting Arm Handball Situations – Referee Academy Lesson 247

Supporting Arm Handball Situations is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact is an offence. Under IFAB Law 12,.

• 2 min read
Game Management Beginner VAR Protocol

Referee Positioning During Counterattacks – Referee Academy Lesson 248

Referee Positioning During Counterattacks is about decision-making before the whistle as much as after it. Good refereeing mechanics improve angle,.

• 2 min read
Referee Mechanics Intermediate Law 14

Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges – Referee Academy Lesson 249

Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football contact from misconduct that requires.

• 2 min read
VAR Beginner VAR Protocol

Penalty Encroachment Rules – Referee Academy Lesson 250

Penalty Encroachment Rules is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and player positions all matter at the exact.

• 2 min read
Referee Mechanics Beginner Law 11

Semi‑Automated Offside Technology – Referee Academy Lesson 255

Semi‑Automated Offside Technology is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether a touch is a rebound, a save, or a.

• 2 min read