VAR Academy

Evergreen explainers on VAR, Laws of the Game, and refereeing decisions.
Referee Mechanics Intermediate Law 11

Handball and Arm Position Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 181

Handball and Arm Position Explained is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact is an offence. Under IFAB Law 12,.

• 2 min read
Handball Beginner Law 12

Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football – Referee Academy Lesson 182

Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether a touch is a rebound, a.

• 2 min read
Penalties Advanced Law 5

VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 183

VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not re-referee every incident. Instead, it.

• 2 min read
Game Management Intermediate Law 14

DOGSO and Red Card Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 184

DOGSO and Red Card Decisions sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football contact from misconduct that requires a caution or.

• 2 min read
Referee Mechanics Advanced Law 14

Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties – Referee Academy Lesson 185

Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and player positions all matter at the exact.

• 2 min read
VAR Beginner Law 12

Offside After Deflections and Saves – Referee Academy Lesson 186

Offside After Deflections and Saves is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether a touch is a rebound, a save, or a.

• 2 min read
Offside Intermediate Law 12

Supporting Arm Handball Situations – Referee Academy Lesson 187

Supporting Arm Handball Situations is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact is an offence. Under IFAB Law 12,.

• 2 min read
Offside Advanced Law 12

Referee Positioning During Counterattacks – Referee Academy Lesson 188

Referee Positioning During Counterattacks is about decision-making before the whistle as much as after it. Good refereeing mechanics improve angle,.

• 2 min read
Penalties Intermediate Law 12

Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges – Referee Academy Lesson 189

Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football contact from misconduct that requires.

• 2 min read
Offside Beginner Law 11

Penalty Encroachment Rules – Referee Academy Lesson 190

Penalty Encroachment Rules is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and player positions all matter at the exact.

• 2 min read