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VAR Academy

In-depth lessons and guides to improve your understanding of VAR, Laws of the Game and refereeing.

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LessonLevelCategoryRead TimeDate
Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football – Referee Academy Lesson 167Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on… Beginner Game Management 2 min read
VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 168VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Intermediate Offside 2 min read
DOGSO and Red Card Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 169DOGSO and Red Card Decisions sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football… Advanced Disciplinary 2 min read
Offside After Deflections and Saves – Referee Academy Lesson 171Offside After Deflections and Saves is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether… Intermediate VAR 2 min read
Supporting Arm Handball Situations – Referee Academy Lesson 172Supporting Arm Handball Situations is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact is… Intermediate Referee Mechanics 2 min read
Referee Positioning During Counterattacks – Referee Academy Lesson 173Referee Positioning During Counterattacks is about decision-making before the whistle as much as after it. Good refereeing mechanics… Advanced Handball 2 min read
Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges – Referee Academy Lesson 174Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal… Intermediate Game Management 2 min read
Penalty Encroachment Rules – Referee Academy Lesson 175Penalty Encroachment Rules is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and player… Intermediate Referee Mechanics 2 min read
Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions – Referee Academy Lesson 176Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions matters because goalkeepers have special protections and special restrictions under the Laws of… Intermediate Handball 2 min read
VAR Communication Between Referee and Booth – Referee Academy Lesson 177VAR Communication Between Referee and Booth is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Beginner Game Management 2 min read
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