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VAR Academy

In-depth lessons and guides to improve your understanding of VAR, Laws of the Game and refereeing.

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LessonLevelCategoryRead TimeDate
Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions – Referee Academy Lesson 191Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions matters because goalkeepers have special protections and special restrictions under the Laws of… Advanced Referee Mechanics 2 min read
VAR Communication Between Referee and Booth – Referee Academy Lesson 192VAR Communication Between Referee and Booth is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Beginner VAR 2 min read
Delaying the Restart of Play Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 193Delaying the Restart of Play Explained is a useful lesson because many controversial decisions come from restarts and… Intermediate Disciplinary 2 min read
Contact in the Penalty Area Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 194Contact in the Penalty Area Decisions is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing,… Advanced Game Management 2 min read
Semi‑Automated Offside Technology – Referee Academy Lesson 195Semi‑Automated Offside Technology is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether a touch… Beginner Game Management 2 min read
Handball and Arm Position Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 196Handball and Arm Position Explained is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact… Beginner Referee Mechanics 2 min read
Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football – Referee Academy Lesson 197Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on… Beginner Referee Mechanics 2 min read
VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 198VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Advanced Offside 2 min read
DOGSO and Red Card Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 199DOGSO and Red Card Decisions sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football… Advanced Game Management 2 min read
Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties – Referee Academy Lesson 200Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and… Advanced Penalties 2 min read
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