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VAR Academy

In-depth lessons and guides to improve your understanding of VAR, Laws of the Game and refereeing.

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LessonLevelCategoryRead TimeDate
Handball and Arm Position Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 211Handball and Arm Position Explained is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact… Beginner VAR 2 min read
Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football – Referee Academy Lesson 212Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on… Beginner Referee Mechanics 2 min read
VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 213VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Beginner Offside 2 min read
DOGSO and Red Card Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 214DOGSO and Red Card Decisions sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football… Beginner Referee Mechanics 2 min read
Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties – Referee Academy Lesson 215Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and… Intermediate Handball 2 min read
Offside After Deflections and Saves – Referee Academy Lesson 216Offside After Deflections and Saves is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether… Beginner Disciplinary 2 min read
Supporting Arm Handball Situations – Referee Academy Lesson 217Supporting Arm Handball Situations is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact is… Advanced VAR 2 min read
Referee Positioning During Counterattacks – Referee Academy Lesson 218Referee Positioning During Counterattacks is about decision-making before the whistle as much as after it. Good refereeing mechanics… Beginner Game Management 2 min read
Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges – Referee Academy Lesson 219Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal… Advanced Disciplinary 2 min read
Penalty Encroachment Rules – Referee Academy Lesson 220Penalty Encroachment Rules is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and player… Intermediate VAR 2 min read
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