VAR Academy

Handball Intermediate Law 5

Semi‑Automated Offside Technology – Referee Academy Lesson 30

Semi‑Automated Offside Technology is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether a touch is a rebound, a save, or a.

Mar 16, 2026 • 2 min read

Offside Beginner Law 12

Handball and Arm Position Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 31

Handball and Arm Position Explained is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact is an offence. Under IFAB Law 12,.

Mar 16, 2026 • 2 min read

Offside Advanced Law 13

Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football – Referee Academy Lesson 32

Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether a touch is a rebound, a.

Mar 16, 2026 • 2 min read

Penalties Advanced Law 11

VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 33

VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not re-referee every incident. Instead, it.

Mar 16, 2026 • 2 min read

VAR Advanced Law 12

DOGSO and Red Card Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 34

DOGSO and Red Card Decisions sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football contact from misconduct that requires a caution or.

Mar 16, 2026 • 2 min read

Penalties Advanced Law 11

Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties – Referee Academy Lesson 35

Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and player positions all matter at the exact.

Mar 16, 2026 • 2 min read

VAR Intermediate Law 5

Offside After Deflections and Saves – Referee Academy Lesson 36

Offside After Deflections and Saves is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether a touch is a rebound, a save, or a.

Mar 16, 2026 • 2 min read

Offside Beginner Law 14

Supporting Arm Handball Situations – Referee Academy Lesson 37

Supporting Arm Handball Situations is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact is an offence. Under IFAB Law 12,.

Mar 16, 2026 • 2 min read

Disciplinary Beginner Law 13

Referee Positioning During Counterattacks – Referee Academy Lesson 38

Referee Positioning During Counterattacks is about decision-making before the whistle as much as after it. Good refereeing mechanics improve angle,.

Mar 16, 2026 • 2 min read

Disciplinary Intermediate Law 13

Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges – Referee Academy Lesson 39

Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football contact from misconduct that requires.

Mar 16, 2026 • 2 min read