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VAR Academy

In-depth lessons and guides to improve your understanding of VAR, Laws of the Game and refereeing.

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LessonLevelCategoryRead TimeDate
Penalty Encroachment Rules – Referee Academy Lesson 10Penalty Encroachment Rules is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and player… Beginner Penalties 2 min read
Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions – Referee Academy Lesson 11Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions matters because goalkeepers have special protections and special restrictions under the Laws of… Advanced Offside 2 min read
VAR Communication Between Referee and Booth – Referee Academy Lesson 12VAR Communication Between Referee and Booth is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Intermediate VAR 2 min read
Delaying the Restart of Play Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 13Delaying the Restart of Play Explained is a useful lesson because many controversial decisions come from restarts and… Intermediate Game Management 2 min read
Contact in the Penalty Area Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 14Contact in the Penalty Area Decisions is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing,… Advanced Referee Mechanics 2 min read
Semi‑Automated Offside Technology – Referee Academy Lesson 15Semi‑Automated Offside Technology is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether a touch… Intermediate Referee Mechanics 2 min read
Handball and Arm Position Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 16Handball and Arm Position Explained is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact… Intermediate Game Management 2 min read
Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football – Referee Academy Lesson 17Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on… Advanced Penalties 2 min read
VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 18VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Advanced Game Management 2 min read
DOGSO and Red Card Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 19DOGSO and Red Card Decisions sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football… Advanced Handball 2 min read
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