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VAR Academy

In-depth lessons and guides to improve your understanding of VAR, Laws of the Game and refereeing.

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LessonLevelCategoryRead TimeDate
Semi‑Automated Offside Technology – Referee Academy Lesson 30Semi‑Automated Offside Technology is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether a touch… Intermediate Handball 2 min read
Handball and Arm Position Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 31Handball and Arm Position Explained is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact… Beginner Offside 2 min read
Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football – Referee Academy Lesson 32Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on… Advanced Offside 2 min read
VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 33VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Advanced Penalties 2 min read
DOGSO and Red Card Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 34DOGSO and Red Card Decisions sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football… Advanced VAR 2 min read
Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties – Referee Academy Lesson 35Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and… Advanced Penalties 2 min read
Offside After Deflections and Saves – Referee Academy Lesson 36Offside After Deflections and Saves is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether… Intermediate VAR 2 min read
Supporting Arm Handball Situations – Referee Academy Lesson 37Supporting Arm Handball Situations is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact is… Beginner Offside 2 min read
Referee Positioning During Counterattacks – Referee Academy Lesson 38Referee Positioning During Counterattacks is about decision-making before the whistle as much as after it. Good refereeing mechanics… Beginner Disciplinary 2 min read
Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges – Referee Academy Lesson 39Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal… Intermediate Disciplinary 2 min read
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