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VAR Academy

In-depth lessons and guides to improve your understanding of VAR, Laws of the Game and refereeing.

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LessonLevelCategoryRead TimeDate
Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges – Referee Academy Lesson 39Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal… Intermediate Disciplinary 2 min read
Penalty Encroachment Rules – Referee Academy Lesson 40Penalty Encroachment Rules is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and player… Advanced Penalties 2 min read
Offside After Deflections and Saves – Referee Academy Lesson 21Offside After Deflections and Saves is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether… Beginner Handball 2 min read
Supporting Arm Handball Situations – Referee Academy Lesson 22Supporting Arm Handball Situations is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact is… Intermediate Offside 2 min read
Referee Positioning During Counterattacks – Referee Academy Lesson 23Referee Positioning During Counterattacks is about decision-making before the whistle as much as after it. Good refereeing mechanics… Intermediate Offside 2 min read
Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges – Referee Academy Lesson 24Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal… Advanced Game Management 2 min read
Penalty Encroachment Rules – Referee Academy Lesson 25Penalty Encroachment Rules is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and player… Beginner Referee Mechanics 2 min read
Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions – Referee Academy Lesson 26Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions matters because goalkeepers have special protections and special restrictions under the Laws of… Beginner Disciplinary 2 min read
VAR Communication Between Referee and Booth – Referee Academy Lesson 27VAR Communication Between Referee and Booth is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Advanced Offside 2 min read
Delaying the Restart of Play Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 28Delaying the Restart of Play Explained is a useful lesson because many controversial decisions come from restarts and… Advanced Handball 2 min read
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