VAR Academy

Evergreen explainers on VAR, Laws of the Game, and refereeing decisions.
Penalties Intermediate Law 12

Pushes and Pulls: Penalty Area Fouls Explained

A penalty is awarded when a direct-free-kick offense is committed inside the penalty area.

• 1 min read
Penalties Intermediate Law 12

Holding on Set Pieces: When It’s a Penalty

A penalty is awarded when a direct-free-kick offense is committed inside the penalty area.

• 1 min read
Penalties Intermediate Law 12

Simulation: When a Dive Becomes Misconduct

A penalty is awarded when a direct-free-kick offense is committed inside the penalty area.

• 1 min read
Penalties Intermediate Law 12

Goalkeeper Challenges: ‘Got the Ball’ Isn’t Immunity

A penalty is awarded when a direct-free-kick offense is committed inside the penalty area.

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Penalties Advanced Law 12

Attacker Initiates Contact: No Penalty Scenarios

A penalty is awarded when a direct-free-kick offense is committed inside the penalty area.

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Penalties Beginner Law 12

Penalty Decisions: Careless, Reckless, Excessive Force

A penalty is awarded when a direct-free-kick offense is committed inside the penalty area.

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Penalties Beginner Law 1

Inside vs Outside the Box: The Line Counts as Inside

A penalty is awarded when a direct-free-kick offense is committed inside the penalty area.

• 1 min read
Handball Advanced Law 12

Handball in UEFA vs Domestic Leagues: Why It Feels Different

Handball is judged by arm position and whether the player took an unfair risk with their silhouette.

• 1 min read
Handball Advanced Law 12

Handball: Close Distance and Reaction Time

Handball is judged by arm position and whether the player took an unfair risk with their silhouette.

• 1 min read
Handball Intermediate Law 12

Handball: Arms Above Shoulder Height

Handball is judged by arm position and whether the player took an unfair risk with their silhouette.

• 1 min read