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VAR Academy

In-depth lessons and guides to improve your understanding of VAR, Laws of the Game and refereeing.

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LessonLevelCategoryRead TimeDate
VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 123VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Advanced Offside 2 min read
DOGSO and Red Card Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 124DOGSO and Red Card Decisions sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football… Advanced Penalties 2 min read
Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties – Referee Academy Lesson 125Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and… Intermediate Penalties 2 min read
Offside After Deflections and Saves – Referee Academy Lesson 126Offside After Deflections and Saves is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether… Intermediate Offside 2 min read
Referee Positioning During Counterattacks – Referee Academy Lesson 128Referee Positioning During Counterattacks is about decision-making before the whistle as much as after it. Good refereeing mechanics… Intermediate Handball 2 min read
Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions – Referee Academy Lesson 131Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions matters because goalkeepers have special protections and special restrictions under the Laws of… Beginner Referee Mechanics 2 min read
Delaying the Restart of Play Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 133Delaying the Restart of Play Explained is a useful lesson because many controversial decisions come from restarts and… Beginner VAR 2 min read
Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football – Referee Academy Lesson 137Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on… Advanced Referee Mechanics 2 min read
VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 138VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Intermediate Handball 2 min read
DOGSO and Red Card Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 139DOGSO and Red Card Decisions sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football… Intermediate VAR 2 min read
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