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Law 12

In-depth lessons and guides to improve your understanding of VAR, Laws of the Game and refereeing.

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LessonLevelCategoryRead TimeDate
Supporting Arm Handball Situations – Referee Academy Lesson 277Supporting Arm Handball Situations is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact is… Advanced Offside 2 min read
DOGSO and Red Card Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 259DOGSO and Red Card Decisions sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football… Advanced Offside 2 min read
Referee Positioning During Counterattacks – Referee Academy Lesson 203Referee Positioning During Counterattacks is about decision-making before the whistle as much as after it. Good refereeing mechanics… Beginner Penalties 2 min read
Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges – Referee Academy Lesson 189Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal… Intermediate Penalties 2 min read
Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football – Referee Academy Lesson 182Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on… Beginner Handball 2 min read
Offside After Deflections and Saves – Referee Academy Lesson 186Offside After Deflections and Saves is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether… Beginner VAR 2 min read
Supporting Arm Handball Situations – Referee Academy Lesson 187Supporting Arm Handball Situations is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact is… Intermediate Offside 2 min read
Referee Positioning During Counterattacks – Referee Academy Lesson 188Referee Positioning During Counterattacks is about decision-making before the whistle as much as after it. Good refereeing mechanics… Advanced Offside 2 min read
VAR Communication Between Referee and Booth – Referee Academy Lesson 162VAR Communication Between Referee and Booth is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Intermediate Referee Mechanics 2 min read
Delaying the Restart of Play Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 163Delaying the Restart of Play Explained is a useful lesson because many controversial decisions come from restarts and… Advanced Referee Mechanics 2 min read
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