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Law 12

In-depth lessons and guides to improve your understanding of VAR, Laws of the Game and refereeing.

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LessonLevelCategoryRead TimeDate
Referee Positioning During Counterattacks – Referee Academy Lesson 308Referee Positioning During Counterattacks is about decision-making before the whistle as much as after it. Good refereeing mechanics… Intermediate VAR 2 min read
Delaying the Restart of Play Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 313Delaying the Restart of Play Explained is a useful lesson because many controversial decisions come from restarts and… Advanced Referee Mechanics 2 min read
Contact in the Penalty Area Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 314Contact in the Penalty Area Decisions is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing,… Intermediate Offside 2 min read
Semi‑Automated Offside Technology – Referee Academy Lesson 315Semi‑Automated Offside Technology is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether a touch… Beginner Offside 2 min read
Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties – Referee Academy Lesson 320Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and… Beginner Disciplinary 2 min read
VAR Communication Between Referee and Booth – Referee Academy Lesson 282VAR Communication Between Referee and Booth is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Advanced Offside 2 min read
Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties – Referee Academy Lesson 290Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and… Intermediate Offside 2 min read
Offside After Deflections and Saves – Referee Academy Lesson 291Offside After Deflections and Saves is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether… Intermediate Disciplinary 2 min read
Contact in the Penalty Area Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 299Contact in the Penalty Area Decisions is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing,… Beginner Handball 2 min read
VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 273VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Advanced Handball 2 min read
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