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Law 12

In-depth lessons and guides to improve your understanding of VAR, Laws of the Game and refereeing.

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LessonLevelCategoryRead TimeDate
Handball and Arm Position Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 31Handball and Arm Position Explained is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact… Beginner Offside 2 min read
DOGSO and Red Card Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 34DOGSO and Red Card Decisions sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football… Advanced VAR 2 min read
Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties – Referee Academy Lesson 5Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and… Intermediate Handball 2 min read
Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions – Referee Academy Lesson 11Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions matters because goalkeepers have special protections and special restrictions under the Laws of… Advanced Offside 2 min read
Contact in the Penalty Area Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 14Contact in the Penalty Area Decisions is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing,… Advanced Referee Mechanics 2 min read
Handball and Arm Position Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 16Handball and Arm Position Explained is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact… Intermediate Game Management 2 min read
VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 3VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Advanced VAR 2 min read
Pushes and Pulls: Penalty Area Fouls ExplainedPushes and Pulls: Penalty Area Fouls Explained is one of the most debated areas of modern football because… Intermediate Penalties 2 min read
Holding on Set Pieces: When It’s a PenaltyHolding on Set Pieces: When It’s a Penalty is one of the most debated areas of modern football… Intermediate Penalties 2 min read
Simulation: When a Dive Becomes MisconductSimulation: When a Dive Becomes Misconduct is a useful referee education topic because the right answer usually depends… Intermediate Penalties 2 min read
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