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Beginner

In-depth lessons and guides to improve your understanding of VAR, Laws of the Game and refereeing.

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LessonLevelCategoryRead TimeDate
Penalty Encroachment Rules – Referee Academy Lesson 130Penalty Encroachment Rules is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and player… Beginner Disciplinary 2 min read
Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions – Referee Academy Lesson 131Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions matters because goalkeepers have special protections and special restrictions under the Laws of… Beginner Referee Mechanics 2 min read
Delaying the Restart of Play Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 133Delaying the Restart of Play Explained is a useful lesson because many controversial decisions come from restarts and… Beginner VAR 2 min read
Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football – Referee Academy Lesson 122Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on… Beginner Handball 2 min read
Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions – Referee Academy Lesson 101Backpass Law and Goalkeeper Restrictions matters because goalkeepers have special protections and special restrictions under the Laws of… Beginner Game Management 2 min read
Delaying the Restart of Play Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 103Delaying the Restart of Play Explained is a useful lesson because many controversial decisions come from restarts and… Beginner Penalties 2 min read
DOGSO and Red Card Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 109DOGSO and Red Card Decisions sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal football… Beginner Handball 2 min read
Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties – Referee Academy Lesson 110Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and… Beginner Penalties 2 min read
Offside After Deflections and Saves – Referee Academy Lesson 111Offside After Deflections and Saves is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether… Beginner Offside 2 min read
Supporting Arm Handball Situations – Referee Academy Lesson 112Supporting Arm Handball Situations is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact is… Beginner VAR 2 min read
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