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Beginner

In-depth lessons and guides to improve your understanding of VAR, Laws of the Game and refereeing.

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LessonLevelCategoryRead TimeDate
VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 63VAR Review Process for Penalty Decisions is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Beginner Penalties 2 min read
Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties – Referee Academy Lesson 65Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and… Beginner Game Management 2 min read
Offside After Deflections and Saves – Referee Academy Lesson 66Offside After Deflections and Saves is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on whether… Beginner VAR 2 min read
Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges – Referee Academy Lesson 69Serious Foul Play vs Reckless Challenges sits at the heart of Law 12 because referees must separate normal… Beginner Offside 2 min read
Penalty Encroachment Rules – Referee Academy Lesson 70Penalty Encroachment Rules is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and player… Beginner Penalties 2 min read
Contact in the Penalty Area Decisions – Referee Academy Lesson 74Contact in the Penalty Area Decisions is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing,… Beginner Offside 2 min read
Handball and Arm Position Explained – Referee Academy Lesson 76Handball and Arm Position Explained is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact… Beginner Offside 2 min read
Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football – Referee Academy Lesson 77Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on… Beginner Handball 2 min read
Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties – Referee Academy Lesson 80Goalkeeper Movement on Penalties is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement and… Beginner Game Management 2 min read
Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football – Referee Academy Lesson 47Passive Offside Situations in Modern Football is a classic Law 11 situation because offside decisions often depend on… Beginner VAR 2 min read
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