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Beginner

In-depth lessons and guides to improve your understanding of VAR, Laws of the Game and refereeing.

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LessonLevelCategoryRead TimeDate
Goal-Line Technology vs VARGoal-Line Technology vs VAR is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not re-referee every… Beginner VAR Protocol 2 min read
Mistaken Identity: The VAR Category Fans ForgetMistaken Identity: The VAR Category Fans Forget is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does… Beginner VAR Protocol 2 min read
VAR Communication: ‘Check Complete’ ExplainedVAR Communication: ‘Check Complete’ Explained is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not re-referee… Beginner VAR Protocol 2 min read
Silent Checks: Why You Don’t Always See a ReviewSilent Checks: Why You Don’t Always See a Review is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR… Beginner VAR Protocol 2 min read
What is VAR? Checks vs ReviewsWhat is VAR? Checks vs Reviews is central to modern refereeing because the IFAB VAR Protocol does not… Beginner VAR Protocol 2 min read
Penalty Decisions: Careless, Reckless, Excessive ForcePenalty Decisions: Careless, Reckless, Excessive Force is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing,… Beginner Penalties 2 min read
Inside vs Outside the Box: The Line Counts as InsideInside vs Outside the Box: The Line Counts as Inside is a useful referee education topic because the… Beginner Penalties 2 min read
Handball 101: Punishable vs Non-PunishableHandball 101: Punishable vs Non-Punishable is one of the hardest decisions for referees because not every ball-to-hand contact… Beginner Handball 2 min read
Penalty Kick Procedure: The BasicsPenalty Kick Procedure: The Basics is one of the most debated areas of modern football because timing, movement… Beginner Restarts 2 min read
The ‘Orange Card’ Myth: Why It Doesn’t ExistThe ‘Orange Card’ Myth: Why It Doesn’t Exist is a useful referee education topic because the right answer… Beginner Cards 2 min read
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